数据

数据加载

mindyolo.data.loader.create_loader(dataset, batch_collate_fn, column_names_getitem, column_names_collate, batch_size, epoch_size=1, rank=0, rank_size=1, num_parallel_workers=8, shuffle=True, drop_remainder=False, python_multiprocessing=False)

Creates dataloader.

Applies operations such as transform and batch to the ms.dataset.Dataset object created by the create_dataset function to get the dataloader.

PARAMETER	DESCRIPTION
dataset	dataset object created by create_dataset. TYPE: COCODataset
batch_size	The number of rows each batch is created with. An int or callable object which takes exactly 1 parameter, BatchInfo. TYPE: int or function
drop_remainder	Determines whether to drop the last block whose data row number is less than batch size (default=False). If True, and if there are less than batch_size rows available to make the last batch, then those rows will be dropped and not propagated to the child node. TYPE: bool DEFAULT: False
num_parallel_workers	Number of workers(threads) to process the dataset in parallel (default=None). TYPE: int DEFAULT: 8
python_multiprocessing	Parallelize Python operations with multiple worker processes. This option could be beneficial if the Python operation is computational heavy (default=False). TYPE: bool DEFAULT: False

RETURNS	DESCRIPTION
	BatchDataset, dataset batched.

Source code in mindyolo/data/loader.py

def create_loader(
    dataset,
    batch_collate_fn,
    column_names_getitem,
    column_names_collate,
    batch_size,
    epoch_size=1,
    rank=0,
    rank_size=1,
    num_parallel_workers=8,
    shuffle=True,
    drop_remainder=False,
    python_multiprocessing=False,
):
    r"""Creates dataloader.

    Applies operations such as transform and batch to the `ms.dataset.Dataset` object
    created by the `create_dataset` function to get the dataloader.

    Args:
        dataset (COCODataset): dataset object created by `create_dataset`.
        batch_size (int or function): The number of rows each batch is created with. An
            int or callable object which takes exactly 1 parameter, BatchInfo.
        drop_remainder (bool, optional): Determines whether to drop the last block
            whose data row number is less than batch size (default=False). If True, and if there are less
            than batch_size rows available to make the last batch, then those rows will
            be dropped and not propagated to the child node.
        num_parallel_workers (int, optional): Number of workers(threads) to process the dataset in parallel
            (default=None).
        python_multiprocessing (bool, optional): Parallelize Python operations with multiple worker processes. This
            option could be beneficial if the Python operation is computational heavy (default=False).

    Returns:
        BatchDataset, dataset batched.
    """
    de.config.set_seed(1236517205 + rank)
    cores = multiprocessing.cpu_count()
    num_parallel_workers = min(int(cores / rank_size), num_parallel_workers)
    logger.info(f"Dataloader num parallel workers: [{num_parallel_workers}]")
    if rank_size > 1:
        ds = de.GeneratorDataset(
            dataset,
            column_names=column_names_getitem,
            num_parallel_workers=min(8, num_parallel_workers),
            shuffle=shuffle,
            python_multiprocessing=python_multiprocessing,
            num_shards=rank_size,
            shard_id=rank,
        )
    else:
        ds = de.GeneratorDataset(
            dataset,
            column_names=column_names_getitem,
            num_parallel_workers=min(32, num_parallel_workers),
            shuffle=shuffle,
            python_multiprocessing=python_multiprocessing,
        )
    ds = ds.batch(
        batch_size, per_batch_map=batch_collate_fn,
        input_columns=column_names_getitem, output_columns=column_names_collate, drop_remainder=drop_remainder
    )
    ds = ds.repeat(epoch_size)

    return ds

数据集

mindyolo.data.dataset.COCODataset

Load the COCO dataset (yolo format coco labels)

PARAMETER	DESCRIPTION
dataset_path	dataset label directory for dataset. TYPE: str DEFAULT: ''
for	COCO_ROOT ├── train2017.txt ├── annotations │ └── instances_train2017.json ├── images │ └── train2017 │ ├── 000000000001.jpg │ └── 000000000002.jpg └── labels └── train2017 ├── 000000000001.txt └── 000000000002.txt dataset_path (str): ./coco/train2017.txt TYPE: example
transforms	A list of images data enhancements that apply data enhancements on data set objects in order. TYPE: list

Source code in mindyolo/data/dataset.py

class COCODataset:
    """
    Load the COCO dataset (yolo format coco labels)

    Args:
        dataset_path (str): dataset label directory for dataset.
        for example:
            COCO_ROOT
                ├── train2017.txt
                ├── annotations
                │     └── instances_train2017.json
                ├── images
                │     └── train2017
                │             ├── 000000000001.jpg
                │             └── 000000000002.jpg
                └── labels
                      └── train2017
                              ├── 000000000001.txt
                              └── 000000000002.txt
            dataset_path (str): ./coco/train2017.txt
        transforms (list): A list of images data enhancements
            that apply data enhancements on data set objects in order.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        dataset_path="",
        img_size=640,
        transforms_dict=None,
        is_training=False,
        augment=False,
        rect=False,
        single_cls=False,
        batch_size=32,
        stride=32,
        num_cls=80,
        pad=0.0,
        return_segments=False,  # for segment
        return_keypoints=False, # for keypoint
        nkpt=0,                 # for keypoint
        ndim=0                  # for keypoint
    ):
        # acceptable image suffixes
        self.img_formats = ['bmp', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'tif', 'tiff', 'dng', 'webp', 'mpo']
        self.cache_version = 0.2

        self.return_segments = return_segments
        self.return_keypoints = return_keypoints
        assert not (return_segments and return_keypoints), 'Can not return both segments and keypoints.'

        self.path = dataset_path
        self.img_size = img_size
        self.augment = augment
        self.rect = rect
        self.stride = stride
        self.num_cls = num_cls
        self.nkpt = nkpt
        self.ndim = ndim
        self.transforms_dict = transforms_dict
        self.is_training = is_training

        # set column names
        self.column_names_getitem = ['samples']
        if self.is_training:
            self.column_names_collate = ['images', 'labels']
            if self.return_segments:
                self.column_names_collate = ['images', 'labels', 'masks']
            elif self.return_keypoints:
                self.column_names_collate = ['images', 'labels', 'keypoints']
        else:
            self.column_names_collate = ["images", "img_files", "hw_ori", "hw_scale", "pad"]

        try:
            f = []  # image files
            for p in self.path if isinstance(self.path, list) else [self.path]:
                p = Path(p)  # os-agnostic
                if p.is_dir():  # dir
                    f += glob.glob(str(p / "**" / "*.*"), recursive=True)
                elif p.is_file():  # file
                    with open(p, "r") as t:
                        t = t.read().strip().splitlines()
                        parent = str(p.parent) + os.sep
                        f += [x.replace("./", parent) if x.startswith("./") else x for x in t]  # local to global path
                else:
                    raise Exception(f"{p} does not exist")
            self.img_files = sorted([x.replace("/", os.sep) for x in f if x.split(".")[-1].lower() in self.img_formats])
            assert self.img_files, f"No images found"
        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(f"Error loading data from {self.path}: {e}\n")

        # Check cache
        self.label_files = self._img2label_paths(self.img_files)  # labels
        cache_path = (p if p.is_file() else Path(self.label_files[0]).parent).with_suffix(".cache.npy")  # cached labels
        if cache_path.is_file():
            cache, exists = np.load(cache_path, allow_pickle=True).item(), True  # load dict
            if cache["version"] == self.cache_version \
                    and cache["hash"] == self._get_hash(self.label_files + self.img_files):
                logger.info(f"Dataset Cache file hash/version check success.")
                logger.info(f"Load dataset cache from [{cache_path}] success.")
            else:
                logger.info(f"Dataset cache file hash/version check fail.")
                logger.info(f"Datset caching now...")
                cache, exists = self.cache_labels(cache_path), False  # cache
                logger.info(f"Dataset caching success.")
        else:
            logger.info(f"No dataset cache available, caching now...")
            cache, exists = self.cache_labels(cache_path), False  # cache
            logger.info(f"Dataset caching success.")

        # Display cache
        nf, nm, ne, nc, n = cache.pop("results")  # found, missing, empty, corrupted, total
        if exists:
            d = f"Scanning '{cache_path}' images and labels... {nf} found, {nm} missing, {ne} empty, {nc} corrupted"
            tqdm(None, desc=d, total=n, initial=n)  # display cache results
        assert nf > 0 or not augment, f"No labels in {cache_path}. Can not train without labels."

        # Read cache
        cache.pop("hash")  # remove hash
        cache.pop("version")  # remove version
        self.labels = cache['labels']
        self.img_files = [lb['im_file'] for lb in self.labels]  # update im_files

        # Check if the dataset is all boxes or all segments
        lengths = ((len(lb['cls']), len(lb['bboxes']), len(lb['segments'])) for lb in self.labels)
        len_cls, len_boxes, len_segments = (sum(x) for x in zip(*lengths))
        if len_segments and len_boxes != len_segments:
            print(
                f'WARNING ⚠️ Box and segment counts should be equal, but got len(segments) = {len_segments}, '
                f'len(boxes) = {len_boxes}. To resolve this only boxes will be used and all segments will be removed. '
                'To avoid this please supply either a detect or segment dataset, not a detect-segment mixed dataset.')
            for lb in self.labels:
                lb['segments'] = []
        if len_cls == 0:
            raise ValueError(f'All labels empty in {cache_path}, can not start training without labels.')

        if single_cls:
            for x in self.labels:
                x['cls'][:, 0] = 0

        n = len(self.labels)  # number of images
        bi = np.floor(np.arange(n) / batch_size).astype(np.int_)  # batch index
        nb = bi[-1] + 1  # number of batches
        self.batch = bi  # batch index of image

        # Cache images into memory for faster training (WARNING: large datasets may exceed system RAM)
        self.imgs, self.img_hw_ori, self.indices = None, None, range(n)

        # Rectangular Train/Test
        if self.rect:
            # Sort by aspect ratio
            s = self.img_shapes  # wh
            ar = s[:, 1] / s[:, 0]  # aspect ratio
            irect = ar.argsort()
            self.img_files = [self.img_files[i] for i in irect]
            self.label_files = [self.label_files[i] for i in irect]
            self.labels = [self.labels[i] for i in irect]
            self.img_shapes = s[irect]  # wh
            ar = ar[irect]

            # Set training image shapes
            shapes = [[1, 1]] * nb
            for i in range(nb):
                ari = ar[bi == i]
                mini, maxi = ari.min(), ari.max()
                if maxi < 1:
                    shapes[i] = [maxi, 1]
                elif mini > 1:
                    shapes[i] = [1, 1 / mini]

            self.batch_shapes = np.ceil(np.array(shapes) * img_size / stride + pad).astype(np.int_) * stride

        self.imgIds = [int(Path(im_file).stem) for im_file in self.img_files]

    def cache_labels(self, path=Path("./labels.cache.npy")):
        # Cache dataset labels, check images and read shapes
        x = {'labels': []}  # dict
        nm, nf, ne, nc, segments, keypoints = 0, 0, 0, 0, [], None  # number missing, found, empty, duplicate
        pbar = tqdm(zip(self.img_files, self.label_files), desc="Scanning images", total=len(self.img_files))
        if self.return_keypoints and (self.nkpt <= 0 or self.ndim not in (2, 3)):
            raise ValueError("'kpt_shape' in data.yaml missing or incorrect. Should be a list with [number of "
                             "keypoints, number of dims (2 for x,y or 3 for x,y,visible)], i.e. 'kpt_shape: [17, 3]'")
        for i, (im_file, lb_file) in enumerate(pbar):
            try:
                # verify images
                im = Image.open(im_file)
                im.verify()  # PIL verify
                shape = self._exif_size(im)  # image size
                segments = []  # instance segments
                assert (shape[0] > 9) & (shape[1] > 9), f"image size {shape} <10 pixels"
                assert im.format.lower() in self.img_formats, f"invalid image format {im.format}"

                # verify labels
                if os.path.isfile(lb_file):
                    nf += 1  # label found
                    with open(lb_file, "r") as f:
                        lb = [x.split() for x in f.read().strip().splitlines()]
                        if any([len(x) > 6 for x in lb]) and (not self.return_keypoints):  # is segment
                            classes = np.array([x[0] for x in lb], dtype=np.float32)
                            segments = [np.array(x[1:], dtype=np.float32).reshape(-1, 2) for x in lb]  # (cls, xy1...)
                            lb = np.concatenate(
                                (classes.reshape(-1, 1), segments2boxes(segments)), 1
                            )  # (cls, xywh)
                        lb = np.array(lb, dtype=np.float32)
                    nl = len(lb)
                    if nl:
                        if self.return_keypoints:
                            assert lb.shape[1] == (5 + self.nkpt * self.ndim), \
                                f'labels require {(5 + self.nkpt * self.ndim)} columns each'
                            assert (lb[:, 5::self.ndim] <= 1).all(), 'non-normalized or out of bounds coordinate labels'
                            assert (lb[:, 6::self.ndim] <= 1).all(), 'non-normalized or out of bounds coordinate labels'
                        else:
                            assert lb.shape[1] == 5, f'labels require 5 columns, {lb.shape[1]} columns detected'
                            assert (lb[:, 1:] <= 1).all(), \
                                f'non-normalized or out of bounds coordinates {lb[:, 1:][lb[:, 1:] > 1]}'
                            assert (lb >= 0).all(), f'negative label values {lb[lb < 0]}'
                        # All labels
                        max_cls = int(lb[:, 0].max())  # max label count
                        assert max_cls <= self.num_cls, \
                            f'Label class {max_cls} exceeds dataset class count {self.num_cls}. ' \
                            f'Possible class labels are 0-{self.num_cls - 1}'
                        _, j = np.unique(lb, axis=0, return_index=True)
                        if len(j) < nl:  # duplicate row check
                            lb = lb[j]  # remove duplicates
                            if segments:
                                segments = [segments[x] for x in i]
                            print(f'WARNING ⚠️ {im_file}: {nl - len(j)} duplicate labels removed')
                    else:
                        ne += 1  # label empty
                        lb = np.zeros((0, (5 + self.nkpt * self.ndim)), dtype=np.float32) \
                            if self.return_keypoints else np.zeros((0, 5), dtype=np.float32)
                else:
                    nm += 1  # label missing
                    lb = np.zeros((0, (5 + self.nkpt * self.ndim)), dtype=np.float32) \
                        if self.return_keypoints else np.zeros((0, 5), dtype=np.float32)
                if self.return_keypoints:
                    keypoints = lb[:, 5:].reshape(-1, self.nkpt, self.ndim)
                    if self.ndim == 2:
                        kpt_mask = np.ones(keypoints.shape[:2], dtype=np.float32)
                        kpt_mask = np.where(keypoints[..., 0] < 0, 0.0, kpt_mask)
                        kpt_mask = np.where(keypoints[..., 1] < 0, 0.0, kpt_mask)
                        keypoints = np.concatenate([keypoints, kpt_mask[..., None]], axis=-1)  # (nl, nkpt, 3)
                lb = lb[:, :5]
                x['labels'].append(
                    dict(
                        im_file=im_file,
                        cls=lb[:, 0:1],     # (n, 1)
                        bboxes=lb[:, 1:],   # (n, 4)
                        segments=segments,  # list of (mi, 2)
                        keypoints=keypoints,
                        bbox_format='xywhn',
                        segment_format='polygon'
                    )
                )
            except Exception as e:
                nc += 1
                print(f"WARNING: Ignoring corrupted image and/or label {im_file}: {e}")

            pbar.desc = f"Scanning '{path.parent / path.stem}' images and labels... " \
                        f"{nf} found, {nm} missing, {ne} empty, {nc} corrupted"
        pbar.close()

        if nf == 0:
            print(f"WARNING: No labels found in {path}.")

        x["hash"] = self._get_hash(self.label_files + self.img_files)
        x["results"] = nf, nm, ne, nc, len(self.img_files)
        x["version"] = self.cache_version  # cache version
        np.save(path, x)  # save for next time
        logger.info(f"New cache created: {path}")
        return x

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        sample = self.get_sample(index)

        for _i, ori_trans in enumerate(self.transforms_dict):
            _trans = ori_trans.copy()
            func_name, prob = _trans.pop("func_name"), _trans.pop("prob", 1.0)
            if func_name == 'copy_paste':
                sample = self.copy_paste(sample, prob)
            elif random.random() < prob:
                if func_name == "albumentations" and getattr(self, "albumentations", None) is None:
                    self.albumentations = Albumentations(size=self.img_size, **_trans)
                if func_name == "letterbox":
                    new_shape = self.img_size if not self.rect else self.batch_shapes[self.batch[index]]
                    sample = self.letterbox(sample, new_shape, **_trans)
                else:
                    sample = getattr(self, func_name)(sample, **_trans)

        sample['img'] = np.ascontiguousarray(sample['img'])
        return sample

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.img_files)

    def get_sample(self, index):
        """Get and return label information from the dataset."""
        sample = deepcopy(self.labels[index])
        if self.imgs is None:
            path = self.img_files[index]
            img = cv2.imread(path)  # BGR
            assert img is not None, "Image Not Found " + path
            h_ori, w_ori = img.shape[:2]  # orig hw
            r = self.img_size / max(h_ori, w_ori)  # resize image to img_size
            if r != 1:  # always resize down, only resize up if training with augmentation
                interp = cv2.INTER_AREA if r < 1 and not self.augment else cv2.INTER_LINEAR
                img = cv2.resize(img, (int(w_ori * r), int(h_ori * r)), interpolation=interp)

            sample['img'], sample['ori_shape'] = img, np.array([h_ori, w_ori])  # img, hw_original

        else:
            sample['img'], sample['ori_shape'] = self.imgs[index], self.img_hw_ori[index]  # img, hw_original

        return sample

    def mosaic(
        self,
        sample,
        mosaic9_prob=0.0,
        post_transform=None,
    ):
        segment_format = sample['segment_format']
        bbox_format = sample['bbox_format']
        assert segment_format == 'polygon', f'The segment format should be polygon, but got {segment_format}'
        assert bbox_format == 'xywhn', f'The bbox format should be xywhn, but got {bbox_format}'

        mosaic9_prob = min(1.0, max(mosaic9_prob, 0.0))
        if random.random() < (1 - mosaic9_prob):
            sample = self._mosaic4(sample)
        else:
            sample = self._mosaic9(sample)

        if post_transform:
            for _i, ori_trans in enumerate(post_transform):
                _trans = ori_trans.copy()
                func_name, prob = _trans.pop("func_name"), _trans.pop("prob", 1.0)
                sample = getattr(self, func_name)(sample, **_trans)

        return sample

    def _mosaic4(self, sample):
        # loads images in a 4-mosaic
        classes4, bboxes4, segments4 = [], [], []
        mosaic_samples = [sample, ]
        indices = random.choices(self.indices, k=3)  # 3 additional image indices

        segments_is_list = isinstance(sample['segments'], list)
        if segments_is_list:
            mosaic_samples += [self.get_sample(i) for i in indices]
        else:
            mosaic_samples += [self.resample_segments(self.get_sample(i)) for i in indices]

        s = self.img_size
        mosaic_border = [-s // 2, -s // 2]
        yc, xc = [int(random.uniform(-x, 2 * s + x)) for x in mosaic_border]  # mosaic center x, y

        for i, mosaic_sample in enumerate(mosaic_samples):
            # Load image
            img = mosaic_sample['img']
            (h, w) = img.shape[:2]

            # place img in img4
            if i == 0:  # top left
                img4 = np.full((s * 2, s * 2, img.shape[2]), 114, dtype=np.uint8)  # base image with 4 tiles
                x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a = max(xc - w, 0), max(yc - h, 0), xc, yc  # xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax (large image)
                x1b, y1b, x2b, y2b = w - (x2a - x1a), h - (y2a - y1a), w, h  # xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax (small image)
            elif i == 1:  # top right
                x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a = xc, max(yc - h, 0), min(xc + w, s * 2), yc
                x1b, y1b, x2b, y2b = 0, h - (y2a - y1a), min(w, x2a - x1a), h
            elif i == 2:  # bottom left
                x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a = max(xc - w, 0), yc, xc, min(s * 2, yc + h)
                x1b, y1b, x2b, y2b = w - (x2a - x1a), 0, w, min(y2a - y1a, h)
            elif i == 3:  # bottom right
                x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a = xc, yc, min(xc + w, s * 2), min(s * 2, yc + h)
                x1b, y1b, x2b, y2b = 0, 0, min(w, x2a - x1a), min(y2a - y1a, h)

            img4[y1a:y2a, x1a:x2a] = img[y1b:y2b, x1b:x2b]  # img4[ymin:ymax, xmin:xmax]
            padw = x1a - x1b
            padh = y1a - y1b

            # box and cls
            cls, bboxes = mosaic_sample['cls'], mosaic_sample['bboxes']
            assert mosaic_sample['bbox_format'] == 'xywhn'
            bboxes = xywhn2xyxy(bboxes, w, h, padw, padh)  # normalized xywh to pixel xyxy format
            classes4.append(cls)
            bboxes4.append(bboxes)

            # seg
            assert mosaic_sample['segment_format'] == 'polygon'
            segments = mosaic_sample['segments']
            if segments_is_list:
                segments = [xyn2xy(x, w, h, padw, padh) for x in segments]
                segments4.extend(segments)
            else:
                segments = xyn2xy(segments, w, h, padw, padh)
                segments4.append(segments)

        classes4 = np.concatenate(classes4, 0)
        bboxes4 = np.concatenate(bboxes4, 0)
        bboxes4 = bboxes4.clip(0, 2 * s)

        if segments_is_list:
            for x in segments4:
                np.clip(x, 0, 2 * s, out=x)
        else:
            segments4 = np.concatenate(segments4, 0)
            segments4 = segments4.clip(0, 2 * s)

        sample['img'] = img4
        sample['cls'] = classes4
        sample['bboxes'] = bboxes4
        sample['bbox_format'] = 'ltrb'
        sample['segments'] = segments4
        sample['mosaic_border'] = mosaic_border

        return sample

    def _mosaic9(self, sample):
        # loads images in a 9-mosaic
        classes9, bboxes9, segments9 = [], [], []
        mosaic_samples = [sample, ]
        indices = random.choices(self.indices, k=8)  # 8 additional image indices

        segments_is_list = isinstance(sample['segments'], list)
        if segments_is_list:
            mosaic_samples += [self.get_sample(i) for i in indices]
        else:
            mosaic_samples += [self.resample_segments(self.get_sample(i)) for i in indices]
        s = self.img_size
        mosaic_border = [-s // 2, -s // 2]

        for i, mosaic_sample in enumerate(mosaic_samples):
            # Load image
            img = mosaic_sample['img']
            (h, w) = img.shape[:2]

            # place img in img9
            if i == 0:  # center
                img9 = np.full((s * 3, s * 3, img.shape[2]), 114, dtype=np.uint8)  # base image with 4 tiles
                h0, w0 = h, w
                c = s, s, s + w, s + h  # xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax (base) coordinates
            elif i == 1:  # top
                c = s, s - h, s + w, s
            elif i == 2:  # top right
                c = s + wp, s - h, s + wp + w, s
            elif i == 3:  # right
                c = s + w0, s, s + w0 + w, s + h
            elif i == 4:  # bottom right
                c = s + w0, s + hp, s + w0 + w, s + hp + h
            elif i == 5:  # bottom
                c = s + w0 - w, s + h0, s + w0, s + h0 + h
            elif i == 6:  # bottom left
                c = s + w0 - wp - w, s + h0, s + w0 - wp, s + h0 + h
            elif i == 7:  # left
                c = s - w, s + h0 - h, s, s + h0
            elif i == 8:  # top left
                c = s - w, s + h0 - hp - h, s, s + h0 - hp

            padx, pady = c[:2]
            x1, y1, x2, y2 = [max(x, 0) for x in c]  # allocate coords

            # box and cls
            assert mosaic_sample['bbox_format'] == 'xywhn'
            cls, bboxes = mosaic_sample['cls'], mosaic_sample['bboxes']
            bboxes = xywhn2xyxy(bboxes, w, h, padx, pady)  # normalized xywh to pixel xyxy format
            classes9.append(cls)
            bboxes9.append(bboxes)

            # seg
            assert mosaic_sample['segment_format'] == 'polygon'
            segments = mosaic_sample['segments']
            if segments_is_list:
                segments = [xyn2xy(x, w, h, padx, pady) for x in segments]
                segments9.extend(segments)
            else:
                segments = xyn2xy(segments, w, h, padx, pady)
                segments9.append(segments)

            # Image
            img9[y1:y2, x1:x2] = img[y1 - pady:, x1 - padx:]  # img9[ymin:ymax, xmin:xmax]
            hp, wp = h, w  # height, width previous

        # Offset
        yc, xc = [int(random.uniform(0, s)) for _ in mosaic_border]  # mosaic center x, y
        img9 = img9[yc: yc + 2 * s, xc: xc + 2 * s]

        # Concat/clip labels
        classes9 = np.concatenate(classes9, 0)
        bboxes9 = np.concatenate(bboxes9, 0)
        bboxes9[:, [0, 2]] -= xc
        bboxes9[:, [1, 3]] -= yc
        bboxes9 = bboxes9.clip(0, 2 * s)

        if segments_is_list:
            c = np.array([xc, yc])  # centers
            segments9 = [x - c for x in segments9]
            for x in segments9:
                np.clip(x, 0, 2 * s, out=x)
        else:
            segments9 = np.concatenate(segments9, 0)
            segments9[..., 0] -= xc
            segments9[..., 1] -= yc
            segments9 = segments9.clip(0, 2 * s)

        sample['img'] = img9
        sample['cls'] = classes9
        sample['bboxes'] = bboxes9
        sample['bbox_format'] = 'ltrb'
        sample['segments'] = segments9
        sample['mosaic_border'] = mosaic_border

        return sample

    def resample_segments(self, sample, n=1000):
        segment_format = sample['segment_format']
        assert segment_format == 'polygon', f'The segment format is should be polygon, but got {segment_format}'

        segments = sample['segments']
        if len(segments) > 0:
            # Up-sample an (n,2) segment
            for i, s in enumerate(segments):
                s = np.concatenate((s, s[0:1, :]), axis=0)
                x = np.linspace(0, len(s) - 1, n)
                xp = np.arange(len(s))
                segments[i] = np.concatenate([np.interp(x, xp, s[:, i]) for i in range(2)]).reshape(2, -1).T  # segment xy
            segments = np.stack(segments, axis=0)
        else:
            segments = np.zeros((0, 1000, 2), dtype=np.float32)
        sample['segments'] = segments
        return sample

    def copy_paste(self, sample, probability=0.5):
        # Implement Copy-Paste augmentation https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07177, labels as nx5 np.array(cls, xyxy)
        bbox_format, segment_format = sample['bbox_format'], sample['segment_format']
        assert bbox_format == 'ltrb', f'The bbox format should be ltrb, but got {bbox_format}'
        assert segment_format == 'polygon', f'The segment format should be polygon, but got {segment_format}'

        img = sample['img']
        cls = sample['cls']
        bboxes = sample['bboxes']
        segments = sample['segments']

        n = len(segments)
        if probability and n:
            h, w, _ = img.shape  # height, width, channels
            im_new = np.zeros(img.shape, np.uint8)
            for j in random.sample(range(n), k=round(probability * n)):
                c, l, s = cls[j], bboxes[j], segments[j]
                box = w - l[2], l[1], w - l[0], l[3]
                ioa = bbox_ioa(box, bboxes)  # intersection over area
                if (ioa < 0.30).all():  # allow 30% obscuration of existing labels
                    cls = np.concatenate((cls, [c]), 0)
                    bboxes = np.concatenate((bboxes, [box]), 0)
                    if isinstance(segments, list):
                        segments.append(np.concatenate((w - s[:, 0:1], s[:, 1:2]), 1))
                    else:
                        segments = np.concatenate((segments, [np.concatenate((w - s[:, 0:1], s[:, 1:2]), 1)]), 0)
                    cv2.drawContours(im_new, [segments[j].astype(np.int32)], -1, (255, 255, 255), cv2.FILLED)

            result = cv2.bitwise_and(src1=img, src2=im_new)
            result = cv2.flip(result, 1)  # augment segments (flip left-right)
            i = result > 0  # pixels to replace
            img[i] = result[i]  # cv2.imwrite('debug.jpg', img)  # debug

        sample['img'] = img
        sample['cls'] = cls
        sample['bboxes'] = bboxes
        sample['segments'] = segments

        return sample

    def random_perspective(
            self, sample, degrees=0.0, translate=0.1, scale=0.5, shear=0.0, perspective=0.0, border=(0, 0)
    ):
        bbox_format, segment_format = sample['bbox_format'], sample['segment_format']
        assert bbox_format == 'ltrb', f'The bbox format should be ltrb, but got {bbox_format}'
        assert segment_format == 'polygon', f'The segment format should be polygon, but got {segment_format}'

        img = sample['img']
        cls = sample['cls']
        targets = sample['bboxes']
        segments = sample['segments']
        assert isinstance(segments, np.ndarray), f"segments type expect numpy.ndarray, but got {type(segments)}; " \
                                                 f"maybe you should resample_segments before that."

        border = sample.pop('mosaic_border', border)
        height = img.shape[0] + border[0] * 2  # shape(h,w,c)
        width = img.shape[1] + border[1] * 2

        # Center
        C = np.eye(3)
        C[0, 2] = -img.shape[1] / 2  # x translation (pixels)
        C[1, 2] = -img.shape[0] / 2  # y translation (pixels)

        # Perspective
        P = np.eye(3)
        P[2, 0] = random.uniform(-perspective, perspective)  # x perspective (about y)
        P[2, 1] = random.uniform(-perspective, perspective)  # y perspective (about x)

        # Rotation and Scale
        R = np.eye(3)
        a = random.uniform(-degrees, degrees)
        s = random.uniform(1 - scale, 1 + scale)
        R[:2] = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D(angle=a, center=(0, 0), scale=s)

        # Shear
        S = np.eye(3)
        S[0, 1] = math.tan(random.uniform(-shear, shear) * math.pi / 180)  # x shear (deg)
        S[1, 0] = math.tan(random.uniform(-shear, shear) * math.pi / 180)  # y shear (deg)

        # Translation
        T = np.eye(3)
        T[0, 2] = random.uniform(0.5 - translate, 0.5 + translate) * width  # x translation (pixels)
        T[1, 2] = random.uniform(0.5 - translate, 0.5 + translate) * height  # y translation (pixels)

        # Combined rotation matrix
        M = T @ S @ R @ P @ C  # order of operations (right to left) is IMPORTANT
        if (border[0] != 0) or (border[1] != 0) or (M != np.eye(3)).any():  # image changed
            if perspective:
                img = cv2.warpPerspective(img, M, dsize=(width, height), borderValue=(114, 114, 114))
            else:  # affine
                img = cv2.warpAffine(img, M[:2], dsize=(width, height), borderValue=(114, 114, 114))

        # Transform label coordinates
        n = len(targets)
        if n:
            use_segments = len(segments)
            new_bboxes = np.zeros((n, 4))
            if use_segments:  # warp segments
                point_num = segments[0].shape[0]
                new_segments = np.zeros((n, point_num, 2))
                for i, segment in enumerate(segments):
                    xy = np.ones((len(segment), 3))
                    xy[:, :2] = segment
                    xy = xy @ M.T  # transform
                    xy = xy[:, :2] / xy[:, 2:3] if perspective else xy[:, :2]  # perspective rescale or affine

                    # clip
                    new_segments[i] = xy
                    new_bboxes[i] = segment2box(xy, width, height)

            else:  # warp boxes
                xy = np.ones((n * 4, 3))
                xy[:, :2] = targets[:, [0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 3, 2, 1]].reshape(n * 4, 2)  # x1y1, x2y2, x1y2, x2y1
                xy = xy @ M.T  # transform
                xy = (xy[:, :2] / xy[:, 2:3] if perspective else xy[:, :2]).reshape(n, 8)  # perspective rescale or affine

                # create new boxes
                x = xy[:, [0, 2, 4, 6]]
                y = xy[:, [1, 3, 5, 7]]
                new_bboxes = np.concatenate((x.min(1), y.min(1), x.max(1), y.max(1))).reshape(4, n).T

                # clip
                new_bboxes[:, [0, 2]] = new_bboxes[:, [0, 2]].clip(0, width)
                new_bboxes[:, [1, 3]] = new_bboxes[:, [1, 3]].clip(0, height)

            # filter candidates
            i = box_candidates(box1=targets.T * s, box2=new_bboxes.T, area_thr=0.01 if use_segments else 0.10)

            cls = cls[i]
            targets = new_bboxes[i]
            sample['cls'] = cls
            sample['bboxes'] = targets
            if use_segments:
                sample['segments'] = new_segments[i]

        sample['img'] = img

        return sample

    def mixup(self, sample, alpha: 32.0, beta: 32.0, pre_transform=None):
        bbox_format, segment_format = sample['bbox_format'], sample['segment_format']
        assert bbox_format == 'ltrb', f'The bbox format should be ltrb, but got {bbox_format}'
        assert segment_format == 'polygon', f'The segment format should be polygon, but got {segment_format}'

        index = random.choices(self.indices, k=1)[0]
        sample2 = self.get_sample(index)
        if pre_transform:
            for _i, ori_trans in enumerate(pre_transform):
                _trans = ori_trans.copy()
                func_name, prob = _trans.pop("func_name"), _trans.pop("prob", 1.0)
                if func_name == 'copy_paste':
                    sample2 = self.copy_paste(sample2, prob)
                elif random.random() < prob:
                    if func_name == "albumentations" and getattr(self, "albumentations", None) is None:
                        self.albumentations = Albumentations(size=self.img_size, **_trans)
                    sample2 = getattr(self, func_name)(sample2, **_trans)

        assert isinstance(sample['segments'], np.ndarray), \
            f"MixUp: sample segments type expect numpy.ndarray, but got {type(sample['segments'])}; " \
            f"maybe you should resample_segments before that."
        assert isinstance(sample2['segments'], np.ndarray), \
            f"MixUp: sample2 segments type expect numpy.ndarray, but got {type(sample2['segments'])}; " \
            f"maybe you should add resample_segments in pre_transform."

        image, image2 = sample['img'], sample2['img']
        r = np.random.beta(alpha, beta)  # mixup ratio, alpha=beta=8.0
        image = (image * r + image2 * (1 - r)).astype(np.uint8)

        sample['img'] = image
        sample['cls'] = np.concatenate((sample['cls'], sample2['cls']), 0)
        sample['bboxes'] = np.concatenate((sample['bboxes'], sample2['bboxes']), 0)
        sample['segments'] = np.concatenate((sample['segments'], sample2['segments']), 0)
        return sample

    def pastein(self, sample, num_sample=30):
        bbox_format = sample['bbox_format']
        assert bbox_format == 'ltrb', f'The bbox format should be ltrb, but got {bbox_format}'
        assert not self.return_segments, "pastein currently does not support seg data."
        assert not self.return_keypoints, "pastein currently does not support keypoint data."
        sample.pop('segments', None)
        sample.pop('keypoints', None)

        image = sample['img']
        cls = sample['cls']
        bboxes = sample['bboxes']
        # load sample
        sample_labels, sample_images, sample_masks = [], [], []
        while len(sample_labels) < num_sample:
            sample_labels_, sample_images_, sample_masks_ = self._pastin_load_samples()
            sample_labels += sample_labels_
            sample_images += sample_images_
            sample_masks += sample_masks_
            if len(sample_labels) == 0:
                break

        # Applies image cutout augmentation https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.04552
        h, w = image.shape[:2]

        # create random masks
        scales = [0.75] * 2 + [0.5] * 4 + [0.25] * 4 + [0.125] * 4 + [0.0625] * 6  # image size fraction
        for s in scales:
            if random.random() < 0.2:
                continue
            mask_h = random.randint(1, int(h * s))
            mask_w = random.randint(1, int(w * s))

            # box
            xmin = max(0, random.randint(0, w) - mask_w // 2)
            ymin = max(0, random.randint(0, h) - mask_h // 2)
            xmax = min(w, xmin + mask_w)
            ymax = min(h, ymin + mask_h)

            box = np.array([xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax], dtype=np.float32)
            if len(bboxes):
                ioa = bbox_ioa(box, bboxes)  # intersection over area
            else:
                ioa = np.zeros(1)

            if (
                    (ioa < 0.30).all() and len(sample_labels) and (xmax > xmin + 20) and (ymax > ymin + 20)
            ):  # allow 30% obscuration of existing labels
                sel_ind = random.randint(0, len(sample_labels) - 1)
                hs, ws, cs = sample_images[sel_ind].shape
                r_scale = min((ymax - ymin) / hs, (xmax - xmin) / ws)
                r_w = int(ws * r_scale)
                r_h = int(hs * r_scale)

                if (r_w > 10) and (r_h > 10):
                    r_mask = cv2.resize(sample_masks[sel_ind], (r_w, r_h))
                    r_image = cv2.resize(sample_images[sel_ind], (r_w, r_h))
                    temp_crop = image[ymin: ymin + r_h, xmin: xmin + r_w]
                    m_ind = r_mask > 0
                    if m_ind.astype(np.int_).sum() > 60:
                        temp_crop[m_ind] = r_image[m_ind]
                        box = np.array([xmin, ymin, xmin + r_w, ymin + r_h], dtype=np.float32)
                        if len(bboxes):
                            cls = np.concatenate((cls, [[sample_labels[sel_ind]]]), 0)
                            bboxes = np.concatenate((bboxes, [box]), 0)
                        else:
                            cls = np.array([[sample_labels[sel_ind]]])
                            bboxes = np.array([box])

                        image[ymin: ymin + r_h, xmin: xmin + r_w] = temp_crop  # Modify on the original image

        sample['img'] = image
        sample['bboxes'] = bboxes
        sample['cls'] = cls
        return sample

    def _pastin_load_samples(self):
        # loads images in a 4-mosaic
        classes4, bboxes4, segments4 = [], [], []
        mosaic_samples = []
        indices = random.choices(self.indices, k=4)  # 3 additional image indices
        mosaic_samples += [self.get_sample(i) for i in indices]
        s = self.img_size
        mosaic_border = [-s // 2, -s // 2]
        yc, xc = [int(random.uniform(-x, 2 * s + x)) for x in mosaic_border]  # mosaic center x, y

        for i, sample in enumerate(mosaic_samples):
            # Load image
            img = sample['img']
            (h, w) = img.shape[:2]

            # place img in img4
            if i == 0:  # top left
                img4 = np.full((s * 2, s * 2, img.shape[2]), 114, dtype=np.uint8)  # base image with 4 tiles
                x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a = max(xc - w, 0), max(yc - h, 0), xc, yc  # xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax (large image)
                x1b, y1b, x2b, y2b = w - (x2a - x1a), h - (y2a - y1a), w, h  # xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax (small image)
            elif i == 1:  # top right
                x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a = xc, max(yc - h, 0), min(xc + w, s * 2), yc
                x1b, y1b, x2b, y2b = 0, h - (y2a - y1a), min(w, x2a - x1a), h
            elif i == 2:  # bottom left
                x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a = max(xc - w, 0), yc, xc, min(s * 2, yc + h)
                x1b, y1b, x2b, y2b = w - (x2a - x1a), 0, w, min(y2a - y1a, h)
            elif i == 3:  # bottom right
                x1a, y1a, x2a, y2a = xc, yc, min(xc + w, s * 2), min(s * 2, yc + h)
                x1b, y1b, x2b, y2b = 0, 0, min(w, x2a - x1a), min(y2a - y1a, h)

            img4[y1a:y2a, x1a:x2a] = img[y1b:y2b, x1b:x2b]  # img4[ymin:ymax, xmin:xmax]
            padw = x1a - x1b
            padh = y1a - y1b

            # Labels
            cls, bboxes = sample['cls'], sample['bboxes']
            bboxes = xywhn2xyxy(bboxes, w, h, padw, padh)  # normalized xywh to pixel xyxy format

            classes4.append(cls)
            bboxes4.append(bboxes)

            segments = sample['segments']
            segments_is_list = isinstance(segments, list)
            if segments_is_list:
                segments = [xyn2xy(x, w, h, padw, padh) for x in segments]
                segments4.extend(segments)
            else:
                segments = xyn2xy(segments, w, h, padw, padh)
                segments4.append(segments)

        # Concat/clip labels
        classes4 = np.concatenate(classes4, 0)
        bboxes4 = np.concatenate(bboxes4, 0)
        bboxes4 = bboxes4.clip(0, 2 * s)

        if segments_is_list:
            for x in segments4:
                np.clip(x, 0, 2 * s, out=x)
        else:
            segments4 = np.concatenate(segments4, 0)
            segments4 = segments4.clip(0, 2 * s)

        # Augment
        sample_labels, sample_images, sample_masks = \
            self._pastin_sample_segments(img4, classes4, bboxes4, segments4, probability=0.5)

        return sample_labels, sample_images, sample_masks

    def _pastin_sample_segments(self, img, classes, bboxes, segments, probability=0.5):
        # Implement Copy-Paste augmentation https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07177, labels as nx5 np.array(cls, xyxy)
        n = len(segments)
        sample_labels = []
        sample_images = []
        sample_masks = []
        if probability and n:
            h, w, c = img.shape  # height, width, channels
            for j in random.sample(range(n), k=round(probability * n)):
                cls, l, s = classes[j], bboxes[j], segments[j]
                box = (
                    l[0].astype(int).clip(0, w - 1),
                    l[1].astype(int).clip(0, h - 1),
                    l[2].astype(int).clip(0, w - 1),
                    l[3].astype(int).clip(0, h - 1),
                )

                if (box[2] <= box[0]) or (box[3] <= box[1]):
                    continue

                sample_labels.append(cls[0])

                mask = np.zeros(img.shape, np.uint8)

                cv2.drawContours(mask, [segments[j].astype(np.int32)], -1, (255, 255, 255), cv2.FILLED)
                sample_masks.append(mask[box[1]: box[3], box[0]: box[2], :])

                result = cv2.bitwise_and(src1=img, src2=mask)
                i = result > 0  # pixels to replace
                mask[i] = result[i]  # cv2.imwrite('debug.jpg', img)  # debug
                sample_images.append(mask[box[1]: box[3], box[0]: box[2], :])

        return sample_labels, sample_images, sample_masks

    def hsv_augment(self, sample, hgain=0.5, sgain=0.5, vgain=0.5):
        image = sample['img']
        r = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, 3) * [hgain, sgain, vgain] + 1  # random gains
        hue, sat, val = cv2.split(cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV))
        dtype = image.dtype  # uint8

        x = np.arange(0, 256, dtype=np.int16)
        lut_hue = ((x * r[0]) % 180).astype(dtype)
        lut_sat = np.clip(x * r[1], 0, 255).astype(dtype)
        lut_val = np.clip(x * r[2], 0, 255).astype(dtype)

        img_hsv = cv2.merge((cv2.LUT(hue, lut_hue), cv2.LUT(sat, lut_sat), cv2.LUT(val, lut_val))).astype(dtype)
        cv2.cvtColor(img_hsv, cv2.COLOR_HSV2BGR, dst=image)  # Modify on the original image

        sample['img'] = image
        return sample

    def fliplr(self, sample):
        # flip image left-right
        image = sample['img']
        image = np.fliplr(image)
        sample['img'] = image

        # flip box
        _, w = image.shape[:2]
        bboxes, bbox_format = sample['bboxes'], sample['bbox_format']
        if bbox_format == "ltrb":
            if len(bboxes):
                x1 = bboxes[:, 0].copy()
                x2 = bboxes[:, 2].copy()
                bboxes[:, 0] = w - x2
                bboxes[:, 2] = w - x1
        elif bbox_format == "xywhn":
            if len(bboxes):
                bboxes[:, 0] = 1 - bboxes[:, 0]
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError
        sample['bboxes'] = bboxes

        # flip seg
        if self.return_segments:
            segment_format, segments = sample['segment_format'], sample['segments']
            assert segment_format == 'polygon', \
                f'FlipLR: The segment format should be polygon, but got {segment_format}'
            assert isinstance(segments, np.ndarray), \
                f"FlipLR: segments type expect numpy.ndarray, but got {type(segments)}; " \
                f"maybe you should resample_segments before that."

            if len(segments):
                segments[..., 0] = w - segments[..., 0]

            sample['segments'] = segments

        return sample

    def letterbox(self, sample, new_shape=None, xywhn2xyxy_=True, scaleup=False, only_image=False, color=(114, 114, 114)):
        # Resize and pad image while meeting stride-multiple constraints
        if sample['bbox_format'] == 'ltrb':
            xywhn2xyxy_ = False

        if not new_shape:
            new_shape = self.img_size

        if isinstance(new_shape, int):
            new_shape = (new_shape, new_shape)

        image = sample['img']
        shape = image.shape[:2]  # current shape [height, width]

        h, w = shape[:]
        ori_shape = sample['ori_shape']
        h0, w0 = ori_shape
        hw_scale = np.array([h / h0, w / w0])
        sample['hw_scale'] = hw_scale

        # Scale ratio (new / old)
        r = min(new_shape[0] / shape[0], new_shape[1] / shape[1])
        if not scaleup:  # only scale down, do not scale up (for better test mAP)
            r = min(r, 1.0)

        # Compute padding
        new_unpad = int(round(shape[1] * r)), int(round(shape[0] * r))
        dw, dh = new_shape[1] - new_unpad[0], new_shape[0] - new_unpad[1]  # wh padding

        dw /= 2  # divide padding into 2 sides
        dh /= 2
        hw_pad = np.array([dh, dw])

        if shape != new_shape:
            if shape[::-1] != new_unpad:  # resize
                image = cv2.resize(image, new_unpad, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
            top, bottom = int(round(dh - 0.1)), int(round(dh + 0.1))
            left, right = int(round(dw - 0.1)), int(round(dw + 0.1))
            image = cv2.copyMakeBorder(image, top, bottom, left, right, cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, value=color)  # add border
            sample['hw_pad'] = hw_pad
        else:
            sample['hw_pad'] = np.array([0., 0.])
        bboxes = sample['bboxes']
        if not only_image:
            # convert bboxes
            if len(bboxes):
                if xywhn2xyxy_:
                    bboxes = xywhn2xyxy(bboxes, r * w, r * h, padw=dw, padh=dh)
                else:
                    bboxes *= r
                    bboxes[:, [0, 2]] += dw
                    bboxes[:, [1, 3]] += dh
                sample['bboxes'] = bboxes
            sample['bbox_format'] = 'ltrb'

            # convert segments
            if 'segments' in sample:
                segments, segment_format = sample['segments'], sample['segment_format']
                assert segment_format == 'polygon', f'The segment format should be polygon, but got {segment_format}'

                if len(segments):
                    if isinstance(segments, np.ndarray):
                        if xywhn2xyxy_:
                            segments[..., 0] *= w
                            segments[..., 1] *= h
                        else:
                            segments *= r
                        segments[..., 0] += dw
                        segments[..., 1] += dh
                    elif isinstance(segments, list):
                        for segment in segments:
                            if xywhn2xyxy_:
                                segment[..., 0] *= w
                                segment[..., 1] *= h
                            else:
                                segment *= r
                            segment[..., 0] += dw
                            segment[..., 1] += dh
                    sample['segments'] = segments

        sample['img'] = image
        return sample

    def label_norm(self, sample, xyxy2xywh_=True):
        bbox_format = sample['bbox_format']
        if bbox_format == "xywhn":
            return sample

        bboxes = sample['bboxes']
        if len(bboxes) == 0:
            sample['bbox_format'] = 'xywhn'
            return sample

        if xyxy2xywh_:
            bboxes = xyxy2xywh(bboxes)  # convert xyxy to xywh
        height, width = sample['img'].shape[:2]
        bboxes[:, [1, 3]] /= height  # normalized height 0-1
        bboxes[:, [0, 2]] /= width  # normalized width 0-1
        sample['bboxes'] = bboxes
        sample['bbox_format'] = 'xywhn'

        return sample

    def label_pad(self, sample, padding_size=160, padding_value=-1):
        # create fixed label, avoid dynamic shape problem.
        bbox_format = sample['bbox_format']
        assert bbox_format == 'xywhn', f'The bbox format should be xywhn, but got {bbox_format}'

        cls, bboxes = sample['cls'], sample['bboxes']
        cls_pad = np.full((padding_size, 1), padding_value, dtype=np.float32)
        bboxes_pad = np.full((padding_size, 4), padding_value, dtype=np.float32)
        nL = len(bboxes)
        if nL:
            cls_pad[:min(nL, padding_size)] = cls[:min(nL, padding_size)]
            bboxes_pad[:min(nL, padding_size)] = bboxes[:min(nL, padding_size)]
        sample['cls'] = cls_pad
        sample['bboxes'] = bboxes_pad

        if "segments" in sample:
            if sample['segment_format'] == "mask":
                segments = sample['segments']
                assert isinstance(segments, np.ndarray), \
                    f"Label Pad: segments type expect numpy.ndarray, but got {type(segments)}; " \
                    f"maybe you should resample_segments before that."
                assert nL == segments.shape[0], f"Label Pad: segments len not equal bboxes"
                h, w = segments.shape[1:]
                segments_pad = np.full((padding_size, h, w), padding_value, dtype=np.float32)
                segments_pad[:min(nL, padding_size)] = segments[:min(nL, padding_size)]
                sample['segments'] = segments_pad

        return sample

    def image_norm(self, sample, scale=255.0):
        image = sample['img']
        image = image.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
        image /= scale
        sample['img'] = image
        return sample

    def image_transpose(self, sample, bgr2rgb=True, hwc2chw=True):
        image = sample['img']
        if bgr2rgb:
            image = image[:, :, ::-1]
        if hwc2chw:
            image = image.transpose(2, 0, 1)
        sample['img'] = image
        return sample

    def segment_poly2mask(self, sample, mask_overlap, mask_ratio):
        """convert polygon points to bitmap."""
        segments, segment_format = sample['segments'], sample['segment_format']
        assert segment_format == 'polygon', f'The segment format should be polygon, but got {segment_format}'
        assert isinstance(segments, np.ndarray), \
            f"Segment Poly2Mask: segments type expect numpy.ndarray, but got {type(segments)}; " \
            f"maybe you should resample_segments before that."

        h, w = sample['img'].shape[:2]
        if mask_overlap:
            masks, sorted_idx = polygons2masks_overlap((h, w), segments, downsample_ratio=mask_ratio)
            sample['cls'] = sample['cls'][sorted_idx]
            sample['bboxes'] = sample['bboxes'][sorted_idx]
            sample['segments'] = masks  # (h/mask_ratio, w/mask_ratio)
            sample['segment_format'] = 'overlap'
        else:
            masks = polygons2masks((h, w), segments, color=1, downsample_ratio=mask_ratio)
            sample['segments'] = masks
            sample['segment_format'] = 'mask'

        return sample

    def _img2label_paths(self, img_paths):
        # Define label paths as a function of image paths
        sa, sb = os.sep + "images" + os.sep, os.sep + "labels" + os.sep  # /images/, /labels/ substrings
        return ["txt".join(x.replace(sa, sb, 1).rsplit(x.split(".")[-1], 1)) for x in img_paths]

    def _get_hash(self, paths):
        # Returns a single hash value of a list of paths (files or dirs)
        size = sum(os.path.getsize(p) for p in paths if os.path.exists(p))  # sizes
        h = hashlib.md5(str(size).encode())  # hash sizes
        h.update("".join(paths).encode())  # hash paths
        return h.hexdigest()  # return hash

    def _exif_size(self, img):
        # Returns exif-corrected PIL size
        s = img.size  # (width, height)
        try:
            rotation = dict(img._getexif().items())[orientation]
            if rotation == 6:  # rotation 270
                s = (s[1], s[0])
            elif rotation == 8:  # rotation 90
                s = (s[1], s[0])
        except:
            pass

        return s

    def train_collate_fn(self, batch_samples, batch_info):
        imgs = [sample.pop('img') for sample in batch_samples]
        labels = []
        for i, sample in enumerate(batch_samples):
            cls, bboxes = sample.pop('cls'), sample.pop('bboxes')
            labels.append(np.concatenate((np.full_like(cls, i), cls, bboxes), axis=-1))
        return_items = [np.stack(imgs, 0), np.stack(labels, 0)]

        if self.return_segments:
            masks = [sample.pop('segments', None) for sample in batch_samples]
            return_items.append(np.stack(masks, 0))
        if self.return_keypoints:
            keypoints = [sample.pop('keypoints', None) for sample in batch_samples]
            return_items.append(np.stack(keypoints, 0))

        return tuple(return_items)

    def test_collate_fn(self, batch_samples, batch_info):
        imgs = [sample.pop('img') for sample in batch_samples]
        path = [sample.pop('im_file') for sample in batch_samples]
        hw_ori = [sample.pop('ori_shape') for sample in batch_samples]
        hw_scale = [sample.pop('hw_scale') for sample in batch_samples]
        pad = [sample.pop('hw_pad') for sample in batch_samples]
        return (
            np.stack(imgs, 0),
            path,
            np.stack(hw_ori, 0),
            np.stack(hw_scale, 0),
            np.stack(pad, 0),
        )

mindyolo.data.dataset.COCODataset.get_sample(index)

Get and return label information from the dataset.

Source code in mindyolo/data/dataset.py

def get_sample(self, index):
    """Get and return label information from the dataset."""
    sample = deepcopy(self.labels[index])
    if self.imgs is None:
        path = self.img_files[index]
        img = cv2.imread(path)  # BGR
        assert img is not None, "Image Not Found " + path
        h_ori, w_ori = img.shape[:2]  # orig hw
        r = self.img_size / max(h_ori, w_ori)  # resize image to img_size
        if r != 1:  # always resize down, only resize up if training with augmentation
            interp = cv2.INTER_AREA if r < 1 and not self.augment else cv2.INTER_LINEAR
            img = cv2.resize(img, (int(w_ori * r), int(h_ori * r)), interpolation=interp)

        sample['img'], sample['ori_shape'] = img, np.array([h_ori, w_ori])  # img, hw_original

    else:
        sample['img'], sample['ori_shape'] = self.imgs[index], self.img_hw_ori[index]  # img, hw_original

    return sample

mindyolo.data.dataset.COCODataset.segment_poly2mask(sample, mask_overlap, mask_ratio)

convert polygon points to bitmap.

Source code in mindyolo/data/dataset.py

def segment_poly2mask(self, sample, mask_overlap, mask_ratio):
    """convert polygon points to bitmap."""
    segments, segment_format = sample['segments'], sample['segment_format']
    assert segment_format == 'polygon', f'The segment format should be polygon, but got {segment_format}'
    assert isinstance(segments, np.ndarray), \
        f"Segment Poly2Mask: segments type expect numpy.ndarray, but got {type(segments)}; " \
        f"maybe you should resample_segments before that."

    h, w = sample['img'].shape[:2]
    if mask_overlap:
        masks, sorted_idx = polygons2masks_overlap((h, w), segments, downsample_ratio=mask_ratio)
        sample['cls'] = sample['cls'][sorted_idx]
        sample['bboxes'] = sample['bboxes'][sorted_idx]
        sample['segments'] = masks  # (h/mask_ratio, w/mask_ratio)
        sample['segment_format'] = 'overlap'
    else:
        masks = polygons2masks((h, w), segments, color=1, downsample_ratio=mask_ratio)
        sample['segments'] = masks
        sample['segment_format'] = 'mask'

    return sample

Albumentations

mindyolo.data.albumentations.Albumentations

Source code in mindyolo/data/albumentations.py

class Albumentations:
    # Implement Albumentations augmentation https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5
    # YOLOv5 Albumentations class (optional, only used if package is installed)
    def __init__(self, size=640, random_resized_crop=True, **kwargs):
        self.transform = None
        prefix = _colorstr("albumentations: ")
        try:
            import albumentations as A

            _check_version(A.__version__, "1.0.3", hard=True)  # version requirement
            T = []
            if random_resized_crop:
                T.extend([
                    A.RandomResizedCrop(height=size, width=size, scale=(0.8, 1.0), ratio=(0.9, 1.11), p=0.0),
                ])
            T.extend([
                A.Blur(p=0.01),
                A.MedianBlur(p=0.01),
                A.ToGray(p=0.01),
                A.CLAHE(p=0.01),
                A.RandomBrightnessContrast(p=0.0),
                A.RandomGamma(p=0.0),
                A.ImageCompression(quality_lower=75, p=0.0),
            ])
            self.transform = A.Compose(T, bbox_params=A.BboxParams(format="yolo", label_fields=["class_labels"]))

            print(prefix + ", ".join(f"{x}".replace("always_apply=False, ", "") for x in T if x.p), flush=True)
            print("[INFO] albumentations load success", flush=True)
        except ImportError:  # package not installed, skip
            pass
            print("[WARNING] package not installed, albumentations load failed", flush=True)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"{prefix}{e}", flush=True)
            print("[WARNING] albumentations load failed", flush=True)

    def __call__(self, sample, p=1.0, **kwargs):
        if self.transform and random.random() < p:
            im, bboxes, cls, bbox_format = sample['img'], sample['bboxes'], sample['cls'], sample['bbox_format']
            assert bbox_format in ("ltrb", "xywhn")
            if bbox_format == "ltrb" and bboxes.shape[0] > 0:
                h, w = im.shape[:2]
                bboxes = xyxy2xywh(bboxes)
                bboxes[:, [0, 2]] /= w
                bboxes[:, [1, 3]] /= h

            new = self.transform(image=im, bboxes=bboxes, class_labels=cls)  # transformed

            sample['img'] = new['image']
            sample['bboxes'] = np.array(new['bboxes'])
            sample['cls'] = np.array(new['class_labels']).reshape(-1, 1)
            sample['bbox_format'] = "xywhn"

        return sample